7th July 2011
Currency Overview
Focus on ECB policy decision and the Euro/USD
Today sees the release of the ECB policy decision and the usual press conference. The ECB is expected to hike interest rates by 25bp. to 1.50%. This is built into the expectations.
Thoughts from the trading floor
The ECB hiked interest rates in April to 1.25% from 1.00%. Since the start of the year ECB have ramped up their hawkish stance on policy by dropping the appropriate word to describe rates. In January, they introduced the statement that the see short-term upward pressure on overall inflation, and at the same time “very close monitoring is warranted.” In March, the ECB signalled a April rate hike by announcing that “strong vigilance” was warranted on upside inflation pressures. Last month, the ECB signalled that they viewed inflation risks with “strong vigilance”. The policy stance was described as “accommodative”. If the ECB hike rates as planned today, it should confirm that the ECB are in a rate hike cycle. This is almost a given for the markets. After this, the markets need to work out how aggressive the cycle will be. The market is currently pricing in one further rate hike this year after the expected hike today
Going back to the start of the year, the ECB announced that they would “monitor very closely” upside inflation risks in January and February before signalling “strong vigilance” in March whilst dropping the word “appropriate” to describe interest rates. The monitor very closely statements of the April and May were then followed by a “strong vigilance” comment last month. Extrapolating forward this would imply a rate hike this month followed by a monitor very closely statement. This is expected by the markets. We have a similar situation to one we had last month where peripheral debt issues was the main driver of the markets heading into the ECB meeting (Bunds rallied firmly the day before the ECB meeting) and the German bonds subsequently shrugged off the strong vigilance commentary.
Key words to look out for:
“Appropriate”- (very dovish) This would suggest that potentially the ECB have decided that the current short-cycle (given they hike rates today) has come to an end and are in a wait and see mode. The one further hike expected late this year should then be unwound.
Announcing “monitor very closely”, with rates remaining “accommodative”- is expected by the markets. This would be quite event risk neutral.
Strong vigilance would indicate a hiking of rates next month. Doing so may need the ECB to use the words “(very) accommodative” to describe interest rates. Should be very hawkish as it would suggest a more aggressive cycle of hikes than currently priced in.
Interest rate corridor width:
Currently stands at 150bp. (marginal rate minus deposit rate). The pre-crises width for this corridor was 200bp. whilst the ECB’s liquidity provisions are being implemented (MROs, etc) widening the corridor to 200bp. should have a limited impact (may initially be taken as a tightening of liquidity). If this is announced alongside the easing out of the liquidity facilities, this would be seen as a further hawkish development. However, would put ECB in difficult position as many peripheral banks need the liquidity facilities to remain solvent. We also need to look out for the tender process of the MROs and LTROs. Currently they are conducted at a fixed rate. If this changes to a variable rate process, it would be a hawkish development. The ECB has continued to conduct fixed rate tenders despite hiking rates already this year as the peripheral banks are reliant on this process for liquidity.
Today’s other focus for the markets may be on the ECB measures to support peripheral banks. There has been talk of a two tier system where banks in the bailed out nations receive further liquidity provisions than the others, currently the ECB using fixed rate MRO and LTRO tenders for this process. Also the ECB will be quizzed about the recent Portuguese debt downgrade to junk by Moody’s. If another ratings agency follows and cuts Portugal to junk, this means that the ECB cannot accept Portuguese debt as collateral unless they make special provisions as they did for Greece.
With regards to the non-standard measures, described as “enhanced credit support” and the Securities Markets Programme, the ECB stated that these are “temporary in nature”.
Bull View
The Euro was under-pressure yesterday on the back of the Eurozone peripheral debt issues, and thus a surprise hawkish surprise may be required by the ECB to reverse the declines. The market may need the ECB to signal a more aggressive tightening phase for monetary policy, either through ramping up inflation rhetoric or the big surprise of another vigilance statement.
Bear View
The bears will cite the continued weakness in Eurozone peripheral debt as a sign that the market is “overvalued” and look to shrug off the expected hike by the ECB today. They may look for some sort of dovish surprise to support their case that the ECB are at least more deeply concerned about the ongoing peripheral issues.
Futex View
We favour bears, unless there is a hawkish surprise form the ECB, we favour the cross to weaken following the ECB press conference.